Lizawati LIZAWATI, Elis KARTIKA, Dedy ANTONY, Ragapadmi PURNAMANINGSIH
Abstract. The liberica coffee (Coffea liberica L. cv. Liberica Tungkal Composite) is a type of coffee that has been widely developed in the lowland areas of Jambi Province, Indonesia specifically in West Tanjung Jabung and East Tanjung Jabung Regencies. However, the mother tree of liberica coffee is old and attacked by many diseases, so that a fast seed propagation technique, tissue culture is an efficient plant propagation technique. This study aims to examine the interaction of auxin and cytokinin concentrations that are most optimal for the induction of somatic embryogenesis of liberica coffee. The experiment used a completely randomized design factorial pattern with 2 factors, the first factor was auxin 2,4-D and the second factor was cytokinin 2-iP treatment. The results revealed that application of different dosage of growth regulators 2,4-D and 2-iP in the forming of somatic embryogenesis of liberica coffee showed an interaction with the observational variables of span time for callus proliferation, percentage of explant forming callus, and callus size. The balanced application of growth regulators 2,4-D and 2-iP was able to induce the formation of somatic embryogenesis from liberica coffee immature leaf explants. The most optimal interaction for the development of embryo stages from globular, heart and torpedo is 5 μM 2,4-D + 5 μM 2-iP treatment.
Key words: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2-isopentenyladenine; liberica coffee; somatic embryogenesis.
El-Sayed H. ZIEDAN
Abstract. Survey on cucumber plants at four Governorates in Egypt, revealed, root rot, gray mould blight and downy mildew a epidemic diseases. High incidence of root rot disease syndromes on cucumber plants in Kafr El- Sheickh (81.4%) followed by El - Giza (40%) Governorates, the common fungi associated were Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum with high frequency of F. solani (84.2%) in Kafr El- Sheickh followed by F. oxysporum (75.0%) in El- Giza Governorates. Gray mould disease incidence of immature cucumber fruits was (35%) mainly caused by fungal of Botrytis cinerea with high frequency (90%) in El-Gharbeia Governorate. Downy mildew disease incidence of cucumber plants caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis was epidemic in ElGharbeia Governorate (80.0%) with high disease severity. On the other hand, the minor diseases occurrence were powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera fusca, moderately recorded at El-Giza followed Kafr El- Sheickh Governorates and white stem rot caused by fungi of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in El-Beheira and El-Gharbeia Governorates respectively. So, the alternative fungicides such as biocontrol agents, chemicals non fungicides i.e., antioxidants, essential oils, and nanoparticles as eco-friendly agents will be consideration in integrated programme for avoiding diseases development to epidemic case, for improving yield quality and quantity.
Key word: Cucumis sativus; root rot; downy mildew; powdery mildew; gray mould; white rot; Fusarium spp.; Pseudopernospora cubensis; Podosphaera fusca; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Botrytis cinerea.
Sapna KALRA, Anita BHATNAGAR
Abstract. Aquatic environmental contamination owing to the sewage water discharge is one of the accelerating risks associated with urbanization, industrialization, and population expansion. At present, large amount of sewage water is generated and only 50% is treated up to the standards suggested for disposal or using it for agricultural purposes. Sewage water’s indigenous bacterial species assist in self-purification ability of the sewage water. The present research work was carried out to isolate, characterize and then analysing the potential biodegrading bacteria from sewage water. Later physiochemical were evaluated to find out the removal efficiency of sewage water. Total 19 bacterial strains (A-S) were isolated from the sewage water but only 3 bacteria viz. Bacillus cereus strain D, Exiguobacterium indicum strain J and Bacillus altitudinis strain Q showed protease producing as well as antipathogenic activity against E. coli bacteria. These three bacterial strains were used as pure culture and in consortium (comprising all three bacterial strains in 1:1:1 proportion) to treat the sewage water and were found to reduce pollution indicating parameters like BOD, COD, alkalinity, hardness, TDS, TSS, ammonia, nitrate and orthophosphate content. Percent reduction in BOD and COD followed the order: Consortium (65.81% and 58.02%) > Exiguobacterium indicum strain J (53.65% and 47.81%) > Bacillus altitudinis strain Q (50.51 and 44.16%) > Bacillus cereus strain D (44.38% and 40.15%) > Control (24.49% and 23.72%). Thus this bacterial treatment can be effectively used as eco-friendly efficacious sewage water treatment alternative so that the sewage water can be safely reused.
Key words: antimicrobial; bacterial strains; bioremediation potential; indigenous; sewage water
Chidinma Ogochukwu UKACHUKWU, Angela Chika UDEBUANI, Tochukwu Nicholas UGWU, Priscilla Nkeonye ABARA
Abstract. The study showed the genotoxic response of edible vegetables to PAH from spent engine oil in comparison to three PAH component (benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(ghi)perylene). Molecular characterization of exposed plant samples was carried out to determine the level of toxicity on the DNA. The result of the genomic effect of these pollutants revealed alteration at genetic level through DNA insertions, deletions. There was significant difference at (p < 0.01) in plants samples transplanted in different concentrations of PAH and spent engine oil polluted soil. The DNA estimation of plant samples was ascertained using Nano drop spectrophotometer. The DNA quality band was revealed in gel pictures. Furthermore, polymorphism was observed at 65%, 58% and 19% of A. hybridus and T. occidentalis using the three primers. This demonstrates the impact of PAH toxicity on edibles crops as the occurrence of DNA polymorphism as seen in the form of DNA band breakage and alteration suggest the toxicity level exerted on edible crops by this PAH.
Key words: genotoxicity; phylogenetic; polymorphism; PCR.
Agim HAZIRI
Abstract. This paper presents the invasive alien plant species in the Polog region, North Macedonia. As a result of the floristic research of this area, during the period 2021-2023 and based on the preliminary data of local and foreign botanists, 12 invasive alien plant species have been found, 7 of which belong to the Asteraceae family, while the other species belong to the following families: Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae and Poaceae. Excepting the species Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., native to northeast Africa (and, probably, western and central Asia), all the other invasive plant species identified in the study region are of American origin (North, Central and South America). The alien invasive species identified in the Polog region belong to three life forms, where Therophytes (T) predominate (66.66%) among the identified species, while Geophytes (G) and Phanerophytes (P) represent only 16.67% each.
Key words: Invasive alien plants; Polog region; Republic of North Macedonia.
Souad NAIT MERZOUG, Fatma MAAMRI, Hacène ABDELKRIM, Samira MERDAS Saliha BERKANI, Safia SADJI
Abstract. In the framework of the evaluation, valorization and conservation of plant genetic resources, six natural populations belonging to two species of forage grasses, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) collected in different agro-ecological regions of Algeria, were used to assess the effects of four NaCl and Na2SO4 concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) on germination parameters: germination percentage (GP), germination rate index (GRI), mean germination time (MGT), salt tolerance index (STI), seedling vigor index (SVI), shoot and root length. Seeds were germinated in an incubator at 20°C for 12 days in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The results revealed significant effects of NaCl and Na2SO4, populations and their interactions on germination parameters. Salinity reduced GP, STI, VI, GRI, shoot and root length, but increased MGT, in contrast to control experiment (0 mM). An important decrease was globally observed in the two species in all parameters with the lowest values at 100 and 150 mM except MGT. Compared to NaCl, the decrease was more important under Na2SO4. Population LP1 of L. perenne and the three populations of L. rigidum in the control and in the two salts showed the highest means of GP, GRI and SVI. Populations LR3 of L. rigidum (arid area) and LP3 of L. perenne (sub humid area) were the most sensitive at 150 mM. The shorter MGT was obtained in population LP1 of L. perenne which seems to be more salt-tolerant toward the two salts than the annual L. rigidum.
Key words: Lolium perenne L.; Lolium rigidum Gaud.; germination; salinity stress; natural populations.
Shweta PUNIA, Pooja POOJA, Kuldeep YADAV, Narender SINGH
Abstract. Water deficit severely affects crop yield. Potassium is responsible for reducing the hazardous impacts of drought stress on crops. This field study evaluated the impact of potassium application on physiological and biochemical attributes of Lens culinaris (L.) Medikus (lentil) and Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) cultivars under the intercropping system. HM-1 variety of lentil and GSC 07 variety of oilseed rape variety were grown with different concentrations of potassium (K0 - 0 kg × acre-1, K1 – 10 kg × acre-1 and K2 – 20 kg × acre-1) subjected to different irrigation regimes (control, early irrigation, late irrigation and stress). The results demonstrated that water deficit greatly reduced photosynthetic pigments and physiological attributes (RWC and MSI) over control. However, antioxidant enzyme activity and electrolyte leakage were enhanced in water deficit. The field study indicates that the application of potassium was effective in alleviating the drastic effects of water deficit on both the cultivars.
Key words: potassium; photosynthetic pigments; water deficit; antioxidant enzymes.
Mohammad Mahbubur RAHMAN, Md. HARUN-OR-RASHID, Md. Ashraful ISLAM, Md. Humayun KABIR, M. Bahadur MEAH
Abstract. To choose healthy seeds from a seed lot, an experiment was done to determine whether and how much wheat seeds had the blast pathogen. Total 145 wheat seed samples were gathered from three upazilas in Bangladesh's Meherpur district in the winter of 2019-Meherpur Sadar, Mujibnagar, and Gangni. Seeds were checked for any seed infection using a stereo-binocular microscope while incubated in moist blotter paper at room temperature (25°C±1). Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) growth was confirmed by pathological analysis for any growth that was visible under stereo-binocular. 35 samples out of 145 were infected with MoT, with severity ranging from 2-16%. A PCR was conducted using the primers MoT3 and Pot2a on fungal isolates from seeds with varying amounts of MoT infection (0, 5, 10, and 20%). Monomorphic bands of 350 bp and 361 bp were obtained by agarose (1.5%) gel electrophoresis. This proved the seed infection was caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, as seen in the moist blotter. MoT3 and Pot2a primer were used to analyze 12 samples, finding 10 infected wheat samples, 1 seemingly healthy wheat seed sample, and 1 infected rice blast sample. According to the findings, 6 samples-including the one that was sampled and appeared to be in good health-clearly amplified bands of 350 bp by MoT3 primer, and seven samples amplified bands of 361 bp by Pot2a primer. This study's findings show that the moist blotter technique effectively detects MoT presence in wheat seeds, offering farmers a tool to determine seed suitability for planting.
Key words: molecular; pathogen detection; pathological; seed borne disease; wheat blast.
Eugenia Adriana MORAR BURESCU, Iulia Florina POP, Laviniu Ioan Nuţu BURESCU
Abstract. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the mountain and subalpine spruce forests included in the priority natural habitats of the Vlădeasa Massif - Apuseni Mountains for protection purposes by declaring them special conservation areas. To achieve this aim, we put forward four objectives: identification of habitat types, finding plant associations, carrying out floristic inventory and ecological characterization of species, identification of forests with high conservation value, assessment of conservation status and potential threats, establishment of sustainable management and these habitats. We carried out an itinerarybased forest research based on four successive work stages: scientific documentation, field research, preliminary assessment, and final evaluation. In terms of results, we processed and analyzed scientific data on the structure of the habitat, floristic composition of the phytocoenosis, high conservation values identified, rare, relicts, endemic flora species, conservation status thereof, and potential threats. We draw two conclusions as synthesis of our work’ results.
Key words: phytocoenoses; conservation; sustainability; endemic species; spruce forests.
Mykola PATYKA, Tetyana PATYKA
Abstract. The dominant position among the complex of entomopathogenic microorganisms known in the world and used in agricultural biotechnologies, is occupied by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria. The introduction of B. thuringiensis strains into the population of sensitive species of phytophagous insects is an effective method of correcting the microbiome and the trophic structure of the metabolism of multicomponent biological systems "soil-plant-phytophagus". A high entomocidal activity of technological strains of B. thuringiensis CryI (BtH1 87/3, BtH1 20/3) with a spore titer of 2.0-4.0 billion/mL of culture liquid for phytophages Pieris brassicae L. and Archips crataegana Hb. (Lepidoptera) was confirmed. The features of the occurrence of microepizootic outbreaks under the influence of B. thuringiensis and high sensitivity of populations to exotoxin-containing BtH1 strains (level of exotoxinogenity according to LC50 in the range of 2.6-3.1 μL/g of feed for the Musca domestica L. biotest). The feasibility of creating artificial epizootics of B. thuringiensis in places of phytophagous reservation and the effectiveness of microbiological control of Lepidoptera population has been proven.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis; microbiological control; strain; artificial epizootic; number.